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I clearly had no idea what to expect. I opted for a small group tour, 7 of us, which really provided an opportunity to hear all that our guide told us and ask questions (alas, after about 20 minutes I really did not feel like talking anymore). It was an absolutely gorgeous day outside, not a cloud in the sky and the temperature in the 70’s. We entered the camp the same way as those that were sentenced here – through the black gates that said in German “Work makes you free.” You see, Dachau was a “work” camp, not an”extermination” camp. <\/div>\n
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The definitions are a bit lost on me, but for the sake of some background info, the Nazi’s had basically two types of camps – work and extermination camps. Extermination camps were set up to rid society of those not “clean” enough to be a part of the superior German race. If you were sent to one of these camps you might live 3-4 months if you did not die first of malnutrition, disease, abuse, crude scientific experiments, or the whim of some officer with a gun. If you did not fall to your fate that way you were sent to the gas chambers and were promptly cremated. Work camps were set up to help feed the Nazi war machine: build small machines, equipment or anything that the Nazi’s needed to further their cause. Or, you were “offered” up to outside companies like Hugo Boss, Bavarian Motor Works (BMW), Kodak, Chase, IBM and many others as cheap labor. However, most met the same end as those in the extermination camps. In the work camps the torture would just be prolonged. <\/div>\n
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Jews, political criminals (those that did not support the Nazi’s), homosexuals, and basic criminals were the main groups sentenced to camps. Below is an overview of the triangle coding system (not exhaustive):<\/span><\/div>\n
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Yellow – Jewish<\/span><\/div>\n
Red – Political prisoners <\/span><\/div>\n
Green – Criminals<\/span><\/div>\n
Blue – Emigrants<\/span><\/div>\n
Purple – Jehovah Witnesses<\/span><\/div>\n
Pink – Sexual offenders (mostly homosexual)<\/span><\/div>\n
Black – Work Shy (homeless), Pacifists, Alcoholics, mentally ill<\/span><\/div>\n
Brown – Gypsies<\/span><\/div>\n
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Once through the gates we stood in an expansive courtyard where those that arrived were sorted based on age, gender, ability and ethnicity. This after days of being in a box car (many perished on this journey) while transported from any number of areas from Germany, France, Italy, Holland and other countries that Germany invaded. Families were separated at this point, most never seeing each other again. This is also where roll call was done every morning and evening and could last for hours – regardless of weather. If you were unfortunate to have died between these times and had not been cleared by a Doctor as being dead, your companions were to bring your body to the courtyard to be counted. Even in death, there was no dignity.<\/div>\n
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As we walked towards our next stop our guide pointed out the 7 guard towers. After the camp was liberated and the complex was set up as a memorial, the survivors asked that the towers were to never be used again. In that way no one could ever look down (from high up in the towers) upon anyone – ever again. A very fitting request and a powerful statement to us all.<\/div>\n
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We then headed to the baths. This is where any last shred of dignity was literally stripped away. You were stripped, all your belongings taken away, washed and given a uniform. You were lucky if the uniform fit and it really didn’t provide any protection from the harsh weather. <\/div>\n
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Next we watched a brief video taken when the US troops liberated the camp. It was probably the most chilling of things I had seen up to this point; the bodies piled up, the few Nazi SS still there, and the few that were living were so emaciated that their lives were on the brink – only a miracle at this point would see them through the next few hours. Days before the US arrived many were killed, those that were not, were starved and most of the Nazi’s abandoned the camp. It should have been a time for celebration for those imprisoned there, but sadly most were on deaths door.<\/div>\n
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We then visited the Prison. A long, dark hallway with small rooms on each side. There was nothing distinct about it, but it had a deep saddness around it. As busy as it was, a school group had descended upon it at this point, it still felt very quiet and cold – and the hallway had the illusion for going on forever. I looked in a few cells and found myself making my way for the exit. Our tour guide later told us they not only used it to detain a few people (most people were killed for even the most minor infraction, so it was hard to understand the logic of having a prison in the first place), but it was also used to do “experiments” on people or torture them. After the war it was actually used to house some of the Nazi’s themselves.<\/div>\n
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On our next stop we visited the memorials. The first one, the International Monument is filled with emotion and despair. Quite moving. It really seemed to represent what took place here. At that point I felt my visit was becoming much darker. The entire place felt void of life. I couldn’t help but be consumed with a total sense of sadness and despair – in a way I have never felt before.<\/div>\n
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At first glance, the second memorial was a bit more uplifting and honored those that passed through the gates. It is a sculpture with three links of a chain held together by bars in between signifying the unity among the prisoners. <\/span> <\/div>\n
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However, after a few seconds you notice a few colors are missing: pink, green, and black. Those colors of homosexuals, work shy, and criminals (a Nazi’s definition of criminals could have been a Jewish sympathizer or some trumped up charge). I will withhold my commentary about penal systems in general, but for the sake of the memorial, it is quite telling of the times (1960’s) and how society did not honor all that had been persecuted in such a horrendous way. Didn’t this just perpetuate the ignorance that had gone before? Were they not directly feeding into the same unfounded ideology of the Nazi’s? I have to admit, this only added to my anguish – even in death they were not recognized. I can’t reconcile this in any way. We did learn that eventually homosexuals were honored many years later with a small plaque somewhere else in the camp.<\/div>\n
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The 3rd memorial was a lot simpler, but equally has powerful. It was the words “Never Again” in 5 different languages. Right infront stood a small box containing ashes found when the camp was liberated. Never again … sadly there have been numerous “agains.”. We are all inexplicatly linked as a race, but have too often turned another eye or not been critical enough to disern what is really taking place.<\/div>\n